Which of the following statements with regard to India’s Deep Ocean Mission is/are correct?

1. It was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Government of India.
2. Matsya-6000 has been designed to carry 3 people for deep sea exploration.
3. Samudrayaan is a project under this mission. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct?

1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre.
2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm.
3. GPS spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack. Select the answer using the code given below:

Ships from which of the following countries have to cross the Strait of Hormuz to reach out to the Indian Ocean?

1. Bahrain
2. Syria
3. Qatar
4. Egypt Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with regard to genetic medicine is/are correct?

1. Genetic medicines correct/compensate for the faulty genes responsible for disease.
2. Engineered viruses and lipid nanoparticles are used as carriers of the genetic medicine.
3. Genetic medicines alter the entire DNA sequence. Select the answer using the code given below:

What does an empty seat represent in early Buddhist iconography?

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Passage

The key source of the battle for clean skies and clear lungs i s the fuel we burn-from household Chulhas to the thermal power plants. In most cases, i t is biomass or coal. The Supreme Court banned the use of pet coke-the dirtiest of such fuels. The Delhi Government banned the use of coal, which was later extended to the entire National Capital Region. It was also agreed that the thermal power plants would clean up or shut down. Action on this has been patchy to say the least. The lesson from the transition to CNG is that people need alternatives for a ban to b e effective. When diesel buses were stopped, CNG supply had to be assured. It also had to be feasible in terms of cost. The Supreme Court agreed that fiscal measures were needed to keep clean fuel cheaper than dirty fuel. Now even as coal is banned, the price of natural gas makes industry uncompetitive.

Which of the following inferences is/are correct?

1. The source of the energy we consume is the key to the battle for cleaner air.

2. Bans are effective where the will is strong and the people are convinced that such bans are for the greater good of society.

3. There is judicial approval for a policy that intervenes fiscally to facilitate benevolent pricing for cleaner fuel.

Select the answer using the code given below.

‘X’, born in the UK, was conferred the Nobel Prize in 2025. He was a professor in an American university when this prize was announced. Identify ‘X’:

Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India:

1. It aims to enhance India’s air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities.
2. This Mission is being designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India’s strategic autonomy.
3. One of the aims of this Mission is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In a multi-ethnic district, a Government decision to allocate land for a waste management facility near a tribal hamlet has triggered protests from the tribal community citing the land as sacred. Urban residents and industries support the project due to severe solid waste and health concerns. As a Government official tasked with mediation, which of the following would contribute to a sustainable resolution process?

1. Acknowledge the cultural concerns of the protesting tribal community before discussing technical alternatives.
2. Move ahead with the project without delay to address urban health concerns, which outweigh the sentiments of a small group.
3. Create a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform — including tribal leaders, environmental experts, and municipal representatives — to build mutual understanding and help de-escalate tensions.
4. Conduct an independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and share findings transparently with both sides to facilitate evidence-based decision-making.

Seven cubes are identical in shape. Out of these, the weight of each of the six cubes is equal and the weight of the remaining cube is less than the weight of any other cube. A balance is used to identify the lightest cube. What is the minimum number of attempts required to distinguish the odd cube with certainty?

Mr. X, a senior officer, was overseeing a critical vaccination programme during a pandemic. He found that a private service provider responsible for vaccine distribution was compromising on quality to make profits. Despite immense pressure to manage the issue due to vested interests, he raised his voice based on the principles of public administration learnt during various training programmes across his career. He reported the issue to the appropriate vigilance authority and halted the contract to ensure citizen welfare. Which one among the following principles of public administration was most strongly demonstrated by Mr. X’s actions?

The artificially fixed rupee-sterling exchange rate prescribed by the Hilton-Young Commission (1926) was adopted by the British Government for which one of the following reasons?

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers should be based solely on the passage. Passage How is deflation done? Most countries use a method called 'double deflation', where input and output prices are deflated separately. Consider a manufacturer importing oil for use in production. If oil prices fall, output prices do not and quantities remain the same, real value added should not change. But if the same deflator is used for inputs and outputs, as in India, it would look as if the manufacturer had become more productive.

Which of the following assumptions is/are valid?

1. Deflation strategies can be used to make manufacturers appear to be doing better than they actually are.

2. When input and output prices are both deflated against a single input price, it is referred to as 'double deflation'.

Select the answer using the code given below.

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers should be based solely on the passage. Passage India is starting to deploy Al for critical use cases such as weather forecasting, pest detection and control, and crop yield optimisation. However, penetration is limited to a small subset of tech-savvy farmers. In the US and in Europe, generative Al tools have started offering precision farming at scale, integrating large datasets to provide real-time agronomic insights. For at-scale integration and accessibility of Al tools in India, it would be helpful to develop Indian languages-based A I tools for smallholder farmers, partner with AgTechs to create affordable Al solutions, and disseminate Al-based advisory services through government programmes.

Which of the following statements is/are not correct according to the passage?

1. Tech-savvy farmers will drive the AgTech companies of the future.
2. The development of advisory services by the government programmes for the use of AI tools in agriculture would be helpful.
3. In the US and Europe, AI tools have replaced traditional agricultural practices.
4. The integration of large datasets for use in real-time agronomic analysis is already a reality.

Select the answer using the code given below.

Ms. X, a civil service official, learns confidentially that one shortlisted contractor for a public park project has a history of poor workmanship and allegations of corruption elsewhere (not legally proven). Her Head advises non-disclosure to avoid delay and reputational harm, but Ms. X is concerned about transparency and public trust. What should Ms. X do now?

1. Immediately disclose the information to the project committee and the public
2. Recommend removing the contractor from the shortlist to protect the project's integrity
3. Propose a 'limited disclosure' to an oversight committee, while keeping the information confidential from the public for the time being

Which of the following statements with regard to Black Boxes used in modern aircrafts is/are correct?

1. They carry a beacon emitting red light pulses to facilitate underwater detection.
2. They record both the cockpit voice and flight data.
3. Their memory units are made using either stainless steel or titanium. Select the answer using the code given below:

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers should be based solely on the passage. Passage Previous waves of customer-service technology, including email and those pesky voice menus, stoked concerns of job losses, only for them to fail to materialise. Al could yet prove different. And if it does, its effects may be salutary. Human agents could be freed up to spend more time on creative and rewarding tasks, like using feedback to make products and services better-and thereby spend less time listening to irate customers!

Which of the following conclusions, made on the basis of the given passage, is/are correct?

1. The advent of new customer-service technology had invariably sparked fears about job losses.
2. Often it is found that instead of job losses, alternative channels for employee engagement are discovered while certain tasks are replaced by technology.
3. The advent of technology inevitably leads to stressful outcomes.

Which of the following statements with regard to GenomeIndia Project is/are correct?

1. It is a part of the Human Genome Project.
2. The project is funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India.
3. Its primary aim is to build a catalogue of genetic diversity of the Indian population. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with regard to Large Language Models (LLMs) used in machine learning is/are correct?

1. LLMs assign probabilities to the next possible words and then pick the one with the highest probability.
2. LLMs process data through mathematical optimization to minimise prediction errors.
3. LLMs produce unbiased outputs. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following factors contributed to the formation of the Forward Bloc by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939?

1. Bose failed to win the confidence of Mahatma Gandhi.
2. The Congress Left was disunited and failed to support Bose.
3. The Communists did not support Bose in his endeavours.
4. The supporters of M.N. Roy and socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan preferred Congress unity to supporting Bose. Select the answer using the code given below: